An examination of access to potable water in urban settlements: A study of Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State
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Background of the Study
Access to potable water is a fundamental necessity for public health and urban sustainability (Onyema, 2023). In Umuahia North, rapid urbanization and population growth have strained existing water supply systems, resulting in inconsistent access to clean water (Ifeoma, 2024). Studies indicate that inadequate water infrastructure contributes to health hazards, economic inefficiencies, and social disparities (Chukwu, 2023). The challenge of ensuring potable water extends beyond physical supply issues to include management, policy enforcement, and community awareness (Okechukwu, 2025). This study examines the determinants of water accessibility in urban settlements of Umuahia North, investigating infrastructural constraints, policy gaps, and community practices (Adeniyi, 2023). By critically analyzing these factors, the research aims to offer recommendations that enhance water service delivery and promote sustainable urban development.
Statement of the Problem
In Umuahia North, inadequate access to potable water remains a pressing urban challenge (Okoro, 2023). Poor infrastructure, inconsistent service delivery, and policy lapses have left many residents with unreliable water sources (Ibrahim, 2024). This issue poses serious public health risks and hampers socio-economic development (Chisom, 2023). The lack of comprehensive studies addressing these challenges limits the ability of authorities to formulate effective interventions. This study seeks to fill the research gap by systematically examining the factors affecting potable water access in the area.
Objectives of the Study:
- To assess the current state of potable water access.
- To identify infrastructural and policy barriers to water accessibility.
- To recommend strategies for improving water service delivery.
Research Questions:
- What is the level of access to potable water in Umuahia North?
- What barriers hinder effective water distribution?
- What interventions can enhance the reliability of potable water supply?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Inadequate infrastructure significantly limits potable water access.
- H2: Policy shortcomings contribute to inconsistent water service delivery.
- H3: Community-based interventions improve water accessibility.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it highlights the critical issue of potable water access in urban settlements. Its findings will inform policy reforms and infrastructure investments aimed at ensuring sustainable water supply, thereby improving public health and quality of life (Udo, 2024; Anyanwu, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to investigating access to potable water in Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State, and does not address water quality issues or rural water supply.
Definitions of Terms:
- Potable Water: Water that is safe for human consumption.
- Urban Settlements: Densely populated areas within a city environment.
- Water Infrastructure: The physical systems involved in the supply and distribution of water.
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